The systematic study of a cross-section of individuals who represent the target population is a ______.

A survey is a systematic method used to collect data from a representative sample of individuals within a target population. It allows researchers to gather information on various aspects, such as opinions, behaviors, and demographics, which can be analyzed to draw conclusions about the larger population. Surveys often use structured questionnaires or interviews, making it possible to quantify responses and identify trends or patterns that can inform public health strategies, nutritional interventions, or community programs.

In contrast, health risk appraisals typically involve individual assessments aimed at determining a person’s risk for certain health conditions but do not systematically gather data from a wider representative sample. Screening usually refers to the process of identifying individuals at risk for specific health issues based on certain criteria, while focus groups are qualitative research methods that seek in-depth understanding of specific topics through group discussions rather than collecting broad data from a cross-section of individuals.